International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Artificial Famines in Manipuri Society & Its Images on Manipuri Literature

Author(s) Dr. Laishram Lenin Singh
Country India
Abstract This paper examines the artificial famines of 1939 and 1965 in Manipuri society and analyses their representation in Manipuri literature. Unlike natural calamities, these famines were the result of colonial exploitation, administrative negligence, exploitative trade practices, and post-Independence state failure. The famine of 1939, occurring under British rule, was triggered by large-scale rice exports and wartime disruptions, leading to acute scarcity and culminating in the Second Nupi Lan, a historic women-led mass resistance. The famine of 1965, emerging in post-Independence Manipur, was marked by a sharp rise in rice prices and official indifference, provoking widespread student protests remembered as the Hunger March (Chaklam Khongchat). The study explores how these man-made crises are transformed into enduring literary images in Manipuri poetry and fiction. Hijam Irawat’s poem “December 12” memorialises collective suffering and women’s resistance during the 1939 famine, while M. K. Binodini’s short story Ching-hi Manam and Shree Biren’s famine poems vividly portray hunger within domestic and social spaces during the 1965 crisis. The paper argues that Manipuri literature serves as a vital repository of collective memory and resistance, where hunger functions not only as physical deprivation but also as a political metaphor exposing state neglect, structural injustice, and the erosion of human dignity.
Keywords Artificial famine, Manipur, Nupi Lan, Hunger March 1965, Manipuri literature, Hunger and resistance
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.65211
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