The Role of Blockchain in Combating Counterfeit Goods in Cross-Border E-Commerce

Ashmit Aggarwal

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.65502

The Role of Blockchain in Combating Counterfeit Goods in Cross-Border E-Commerce

Author(s)	Ashmit Aggarwal
Country	India
Abstract	The increasing rate of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) has escalated the staple of counterfeit trade across the globe, undermining brand integrity, consumer safety, and regulatory enforcement. The traditional means by which anti-counterfeiting is executed (customs inspections, product registration, and legal penalties) are ineffective to cope with the decentralized and borderless nature of online commerce. This study critically examines the role of blockchain technology as a revolutionary tool to fight counterfeits in CBEC through its ability to provide end-to-end traceability, product authentication, and transparency. The paper, based on the study of the existing literature, industry case studies (AURA Blockchain Consortium, IBM Food Trust, MediLedger, and VeChain), and international standards (GS1 EPCIS 2.0), shows how immutability and the decentralized structure of blockchain can increase the integrity of the supply chain and consumer verification. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, interoperability gaps, data input reliability, and low involvement of SMEs are some of the challenges that hinder large-scale adoption. The research suggests a gradual implementation plan that includes product serialization, consortium-led pilots, cross-border interoperability, and governance frameworks to promote trust and inclusivity. Finally, blockchain is not positioned as a standalone solution but as an essential facilitator as part of a larger ecosystem of regulatory alignment, technological integration, and consumer engagement. The research provides directions for the future, focusing on empirical validation, behavioral adoption, as well as convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence to strengthen anti-counterfeit mechanisms in global e-commerce.
Keywords	cross-border e-commerce, counterfeit trade, blockchain technology, supply chain transparency, product authentication, end-to-end traceability, decentralized ledger systems, consumer trust, GS1 EPCIS 2.0, blockchain interoperability, anti-counterfeiting mechanisms, global e-commerce regulation, blockchain governance, blockchain–AI convergence
Field	Business Administration
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-19
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.65502

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The Role of Blockchain in Combating Counterfeit Goods in Cross-Border E-Commerce

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