Effectiveness of Non-Directed (Spontaneous) Pushing Method on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Intrapartum Mothers admitted in the Labor Room of RGGW&CH, Puducherry- A Mixed Method Approach.

Harine Santhanam Santhanam; DR. D. Kavitha; Mrs. K. Jnaneswari; Prof. DR. A. Felicia Chitra

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.65583

Effectiveness of Non-Directed (Spontaneous) Pushing Method on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Intrapartum Mothers admitted in the Labor Room of RGGW&CH, Puducherry- A Mixed Method Approach.

Author(s)	Ms. Harine Santhanam Santhanam, DR. D. Kavitha, Mrs. K. Jnaneswari, Prof. DR. A. Felicia Chitra
Country	India
Abstract	Background: Pushing during the second stage is generally categorized as Non-directed (Spontaneous) and directed. Spontaneous pushing might lead to a more controlled and less traumatic birth experience. Despite international guidelines favouring spontaneous pushing, directed pushing remains common in many Indian hospitals, including RGGWC&CH, Puducherry. Aim: This study aims to prove that spontaneous pushing will improve Maternal and Neonatal parameters and beneficial for mothers. Methodology: In this study mixed method approach with convergent parallel design was used. The study was conducted in two phases I and II. 100 (experimental=50; control=50) samples were selected for quantitative data and 10(experimental=5; control=5) samples for qualitative data, using simple random sampling (lottery method) technique and convenient sampling technique. Intervention was provided to the experimental group and quantitative data were collected using Wong Baker (VAS) scale for pain at 2nd stage labor, structured observational maternal outcome and neonatal outcome checklis, VAS-F scale for maternal fatigue, qualitative data using Semi structured interview guide for mothers on bearing down experience about labor. Results: Statistical significance were found in duration of second stage of labor (χ² = 16.918, p = 0.001), Oxytocin administration (χ² =10.509, p = .001) , Oxygen Use (2nd Stage) (χ² =4.960, p = .026),Pain score at Second Stage of Labor (5.60 ± 0.495, (t = 3.032, df = 98, p = 0.003), Fatigue(3.66 ± 0.479, (t = 37.910, df = 98, p < 0.001) and NICU admission (χ² =4.891, p = 0.027) at p<0.05 and no statistical significance in remaining outcomes between both groups. No significant associations were found between demographic or obstetric variables and pain or fatigue in either group, except for fatigue and place of residence in the control group. For newborn weight, a significant association was found with booking status and third-trimester hemoglobin levels in the experimental group. A significant negative correlation was found between labor duration and newborn weight in the experimental group. The thematic analysis revealed 4 themes and 17 subthemes. Conclusion: The present study showed that the Spontaneous pushing method significantly improves maternal outcomes (shorter labor, less pain/fatigue, reduced oxytocin administration and oxygen usage). Neonatal outcomes are better in experimental group, especially with fewer NICU admissions.
Keywords	Spontaneous pushing, Maternal and Neonatal outcome, Intrapartum mothers.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-19
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.65583

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Effectiveness of Non-Directed (Spontaneous) Pushing Method on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Intrapartum Mothers admitted in the Labor Room of RGGW&CH, Puducherry- A Mixed Method Approach.

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