International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Cyber Threats At Sea: The Urgent Need For Digital Resilience In Maritime Operations

Author(s) Dr. Meena Ravi Shankar, Mr. PAVAN SAI CHAND ANANTA, Mr. DHRUV MANRAL
Country India
Abstract The maritime industry is becoming rapidly more digital — from navigation and collision avoidance (GPS, ECDIS, AIS), to engine control, cargo management, port logistics, satellite communications (VSAT), and supply chain tracking. These technologies improve efficiency, safety and cost-saving. However, they also expose vessels, ports, and related infrastructure to cyber‐risks: unauthorized access, spoofing, malware, ransomware, insider threats, data theft, system failures. A successful cyberattack may lead not just to financial losses and delays, but also threats to lives, environmental damage, loss of cargo, reputational damage, and even escalation of geopolitical tension.
To address this, regulatory and formal standards need amendments and updating. Key areas include:
Strengthening classification rules: e.g. mandates for cyber-resilience of ship systems (on board OT as well as IT). Mandating type-approval testing of automation and navigational systems.
Requirements for continuous risk assessments, incident detection & response plans, crew training in cybersecurity. Updating guidelines in IMO / ISM Code to explicitly cover cyber events, make compliance mandatory rather than advisory.
Harmonizing international standards and reporting, so all vessels and ports meet certain minimal cybersecurity hygiene, encryption, access control, supply chain security.
Keywords Encryption-process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (cipher text) to protect it from unauthorized access
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-25
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.65927
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