International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Operationalising Circular Economy through 3R Principles: A Case Study of Indore Municipal Corporation, India

Author(s) Subhanshi Vishvakarma, Dr. Akshita Tiwari
Country India
Abstract The transition from a linear “take–make–dispose” model to a circular economy (CE) represents a paradigm shift in sustainable urban management. This study investigates how the Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) has operationalised the CE through the 3R principles – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle – between 2019 and 2023. Using secondary quantitative data drawn from IMC annual environmental reports, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM-Urban) portals, and the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) benchmarks, the research evaluates Indore’s progress via descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. Results show dramatic reductions in landfill dependence (100 % to 15 %), significant increases in biogas production (5,000 kg/day to 20,000 kg/day), and near-universal public participation in segregation (30 % to 95 %). Although the descriptive indicators improved substantially, inferential analysis found that the changes were not statistically significant at α = 0.05, implying multifactorial influences. The study concludes that Indore’s governance model demonstrates a replicable framework for Indian cities seeking to embed CE principles, combining municipal enforcement, citizen participation, and technological integration.
Keywords Circular economy, 3R principles, Indore Municipal Corporation, solid waste management, urban sustainability, ANOVA
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-25
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.65958
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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