International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 1
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Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Term Neonates: A Prospective Cohort Study from North India

Author(s) Ms. Shazia Gurgani, Dr. Samiya Khan, Dr. Danish Rafiq
Country India
Abstract Abstract
Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) following perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings, including India1,2. Objective: To determine maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with HIE in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at G.B. Pant Hospital, Srinagar, from November 2017 to April 2019. Term neonates (37 weeks, >1.8 kg) with Apgar <6 at 5 min and features of HIE were included3. Maternal, intrapartum, and neonatal variables were recorded. Associations between these factors and HIE severity (Sarnat stages I–III) were assessed using chi-square/Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of 217 neonates, 171 (78.8%) had HIE. Significant predictors of higher HIE grade included unbooked pregnancies, primigravidity, prolonged labor, meconium-stained liquor, delayed hospital arrival (>5 h), low Apgar scores, and need for advanced resuscitation. Conclusion: Preventable factors contribute significantly to severe HIE. Strengthening antenatal care, intrapartum monitoring, and neonatal resuscitation can reduce the burden4-6.
Keywords Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Perinatal asphyxia, Maternal risk factors, Perinatal risk factors, Neonatal morbidity
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-07
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.65986
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbjmmr
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