International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Reinterpreting Religion in the Modern World: Ethical Consciousness and Spirituality in Radhakrishnan’s Thought

Author(s) Deepamoni Sarma, Dr. Sabitri Devi
Country India
Abstract In the modern world, religion faces a profound crisis arising from the twin pressures of secular rationalism and dogmatic absolutism. Scientific advancement, material progress, and institutionalized belief systems have often displaced the ethical and spiritual core of religion, reducing it either to a private sentiment or a rigid social structure. Against this backdrop, S. Radhakrishnan offers a philosophical reinterpretation of religion that restores its relevance by grounding it in ethical consciousness and spiritual experience. Rejecting the identification of religion with dogma, ritualism, or sectarian allegiance, Radhakrishnan conceives religion as an inward, transformative realization of ultimate reality that finds expression in moral responsibility and human values. Drawing upon Advaitic metaphysics, Upaniṣadic spirituality, and Western idealist philosophy, he articulates a vision of universal spirituality that affirms religious plurality while maintaining the unity of spiritual truth. This paper critically examines Radhakrishnan’s reinterpretation of religion in the context of the modern world, focusing on its ethical foundations, its emphasis on spiritual experience, and its engagement with comparative religion. It argues that Radhakrishnan’s synthesis of ethical idealism and spirituality provides a philosophically coherent response to contemporary religious fragmentation and moral disorientation, reaffirming religion as a vital force for individual self-realization and social harmony.
Keywords Ethical Consciousness, Spirituality, Advaita-Vedānta, Universal Religion, Comparative Philosophy.
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-27
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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