International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Demographic Dimensions of Elderly Population: A Case Study of Assam

Author(s) Dr. Beejata Das
Country India
Abstract Background: Population ageing has emerged as one of the most significant demographic challenges of the twenty-first century, resulting primarily from sustained declines in fertility and improvements in life expectancy. These changes have altered population age structures worldwide, leading to a growing proportion of elderly persons aged 60 years and above. While India continues to possess a large young population, the pace of ageing is accelerating rapidly. The elderly population, estimated at about 153 million in 2025, is projected to reach nearly 347 million by 2050, indicating a profound demographic transformation with far-reaching social, economic, and health implications. In Assam, the process of population ageing reflects broader demographic transitions, including declining fertility, reduced mortality, and selective out-migration of younger adults. Traditionally characterized by a youthful population structure, the state is now witnessing a steady increase in the proportion of older persons. This emerging trend necessitates a systematic examination of the demographic dimensions of ageing in Assam to inform policy formulation, social welfare planning, and sustainable development strategies.
Materials and Methods: The study employs a quantitative and descriptive research design based on secondary data sources. The elderly population is defined as individuals aged 60 years and above. To analyze the extent and pattern of population ageing in Assam, several demographic indicators are computed, including the Age–Sex Ratio, Old-Age Dependency Ratio (OADR), Ageing Index, and Median Age. Descriptive statistical tools such as percentages and trend analysis are used to examine changes in population structure over time. The results are presented through tables to enhance clarity and comparative analysis.
Results: The analysis reveals a progressive increase in the proportion of the elderly population in Assam, indicating a clear shift toward an ageing demographic structure. The Old-Age Dependency Ratio has risen steadily, suggesting a growing dependency burden on the working-age population. Similarly, the Ageing Index indicates a significant increase in the elderly population relative to the child population. The age–sex composition of the elderly reveals a higher concentration of females in the older age groups, attributable to higher female life expectancy.
Conclusion: The study concludes that population ageing has emerged as an important demographic reality in Assam. Driven by declining fertility, improving healthcare facilities, and increasing life expectancy, the proportion and absolute number of elderly persons have increased substantially over the past six decades.
Keywords ageing, demographic challenges, old-age dependency ratio, median age.
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-11
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.66274
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