International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Birsa Munda’s Ulgulan: A Model of Indigenous Resilience

Author(s) Mr. Ratan Mahali
Country India
Abstract Birsa Munda’s Ulgulan (1899–1900) in Chotanagpur is one of the most notable examples of indigenous rebellion against colonial dislocation. The movement began due to the destruction of land rights, imposition of forced labour and loss of traditional culture. This paper aims to explore the Ulgulan through the ideas of resilience. Drawing on Holling’s ecological resilience, Ganor and Ben Lavy’s concept of community resilience and Zolli and Healy’s idea of preserving a core purpose, the study shows how the movement became a way of survival and adaptation. Birsa’s place as Dharti Aba, the defence of khuntkatti rights and the collective strength of the community acted as strategies that held life together under repression. Tax resistance, land reclamation and fighting against colonial governments were combined with an ecological ethic that tied tribal people to the land and forest. Following the movement Chotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 came which legally protected the tribal land. Thus, the Ulgulan does not only stand as a rebellion but also as a story of resilience. It transformed suffering into cultural memory and identity. It stands as a resilient story of communities who can transform but keep their essence in the wake of severe pressure.
Keywords Ulgulan, Birsa Munda, resilience, land rights, tribal movements.
Field Sociology > Linguistic / Literature
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.66435
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