International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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PLATELET COUNT CHANGES AS AN EARLY MARKER OF LIVER DYSFUNCTION: A CASE STUDY

Author(s) Ms. Preeti Varman
Country India
Abstract Background
Abnormal platelet count (especially thrombocytopenia) is one of the earliest and most frequent hematological manifestations of chronic liver disease (CLD). Considering that liver is the major location of thrombopoietin (TPO) production, progressive hepatic failure leads to a reduction of platelet production, increase platelet destruction, and splenic sequestration. As a result, the non-invasive measurement of platelet count kinetics could be a biomarker of emerging liver pathophysiology.

Purpose
Demonstrate through an elaborate case study, the clinical importance of changes in platelet count as an early marker of hepatic impairment and liver disease severity.

Case Description
A 58-year-old male patient with a history of alcohol use disorder (ten years old) came to the hospital complaining of fatigue, abdominal distension, and frequent episodes of epistaxis. The clinical presentation included ascites, spider angioma, hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice. Laboratory examinations showed anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, high transaminases, hypoalbuminemia, severe thrombocytopenia (42 x 10 1/L) and prolonged prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR). It is interesting to note that platelet counts were all in normal range 3 years before the onset of overt cirrhosis, which suggests a slow degenerative process before the actual onset of cirrhosis.

Methods

A complete clinical examination, hematological and biochemical tests, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, non-invasive fibrosis indices (APRI and FIB-4) and a clinical evaluation were conducted. Dynamics of count of platelets were also associated with the development of the disease, portal hypertension and clinical severity.

Findings

Platelet count was strongly negatively related to portal hypertension and the degree of liver disease. Grade II esophageal varices were confirmed by endoscopy and the non-invasive fibrosis scores were greatly indicative of progressive fibrosis. The decrease in the number of platelets with time was a valid parameter of deteriorating liver activity and increasing the risk of complications.



Results

The patient needed endoscopic surgery after sustaining variceal bleeding within six months although he received normal medical care. Low platelet levels persisted to severely complicate the procedures and the risk of bleeding. The case emphasizes platelet count as an independent predictive variable in CLD.



Keywords

Portal hypertension, cirrhosis, thrombopoietin, platelet count, case study, and thrombocytopenia.
Keywords Keywords Portal hypertension, cirrhosis, thrombopoietin, platelet count, case study, and thrombocytopenia.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-15
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.66466
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