A Comparative Study of Mordant and Dye Concentrations on the Dyeing Efficiency of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) on Silk

Author(s)	Aastha Shrivastava, Sanjeeda Iqbal, Tanu Patel
Country	India
Abstract	The growing environmental and health concerns associated with synthetic dyes have renewed interest in natural dyes derived from plant sources. The present study investigates the dyeing efficiency of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) on mulberry silk fabric using alum as a mordant at varying concentrations. Safflower petals were extracted at three dye concentrations (15%, 25%, and 35%), while alum was applied as a fixative agent at similar concentration levels. The dyeing performance was evaluated in terms of colour intensity, shade variation, wash fastness, and light fastness. Results indicated that both dye and mordant concentration significantly influenced colour depth and fastness properties. Optimum dyeing performance was observed at 25–35% concentrations of both safflower dye and alum. The findings confirm that safflower is an effective eco-friendly dye source for silk and holds promise for sustainable textile applications.
Keywords	Natural Dyes, Safflower, Silk Fabric, Alum Mordant, Dye Concentration
Field	Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-15
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.66473

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