The Internet of Drones (IoD): A Systematic Review of Challenges and Interdependencies

Author(s)	Mr. Khaldoun L Hameed, Prof. Dr. Hala Bahjat Abdul Wahab
Country	Iraq
Abstract	The Internet of Drones (IoD) imagines a future where drones work together as smart, connected devices. This could change fields like delivery, farming, emergency response, and city planning. But making this vision real is not easy — it faces a mix of challenges that are all linked together, not just technical ones. In this paper, we carefully examine these challenges and organize them into four main areas (1) Technology and infrastructure, (2) Security, privacy, and safety, (3) Regulations and real-world integration, (4) Social, economic, and environmental concerns. We look closely at each area to understand the biggest problems, things like poor network coverage, limited battery life, hacking risks, unclear laws, and public distrust. Our main point is that these challenges are connected. Solving just one won’t work. For example, a better battery is useless if regulations don’t allow drones to fly far. And even the safest drone can fail if people don’t accept it in their neighborhoods.
Keywords	Internet of Drones, UAV, Challenges, Security, Regulation, Survey, Interdependencies
Field	Computer Applications
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-18
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.66565

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