International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Vocational Training in Rural India Transforming Rural Western Uttar Pradesh into Smart Villages

Author(s) Prof. C. M. JAIN, Prof. DHARMENDRA KUMAR, Dr. KULDEEP KUMAR, Dr. CHETANA SHAKYA
Country India
Abstract India’s rural economy is undergoing rapid change. The majority of the Indian population resides in villages, where they are predominantly engaged in agriculture or informal work. Yet, rural livelihoods remain fragile and under-skilled, driving young people to migrate to cities in search of better job opportunities. In this context, vocational training, which is practical and job-oriented, is a key factor in rural development. As mentioned in the NEP 2020, the 12th Five-Year Plan (2012–2017) revealed a distinct gap in vocational training, with less than 5% of Indians aged 19–24 having received any formal skill-based education. At the same time, it is 52% in the USA, 75% in Germany, and an impressive 96% in South Korea. This contrast highlights the urgent need to accelerate the expansion of vocational education in India. Vocational programs can enhance employment opportunities, increase incomes, and narrow the rural-urban divide by equipping villagers with marketable skills. This report examines the importance of vocational training in India’s villages. This paper focuses on the towns in Western U.P. It integrates statistical insights from the students in higher education in Western UP and reviews policy and research literature. This study also outlines how integrating vocational training into rural education can be improved to develop smart villages by effectively utilizing the available resources and controlling migration towards cities.
Keywords Vocational training, smart villages, NEP-2020, Migration
Field Sociology > Education
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-20
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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