International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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How Social Comparison Theory Shapes Self-Esteem in Indian Cultural Contexts: A Comprehensive Conceptual Review

Author(s) Mr. Kartik Kadian, Ms. Khushi Sagwal
Country India
Abstract Social Comparison Theory (SCT) posits that individuals evaluate their abilities, achievements, and self-worth through comparisons with others. Although SCT has been extensively examined within Western, individualistic societies, its application within culturally diverse and rapidly transforming societies such as India remains theoretically underdeveloped. This comprehensive conceptual review critically synthesizes classical and contemporary literature from social psychology, cultural psychology, and Indian sociocultural research to examine how cultural context moderates the relationship between social comparison and self-esteem. Particular emphasis is placed on the urban–rural divide, the coexistence of collectivist and individualistic orientations, and the growing influence of digital and social media environments. The review proposes an integrative cultural–contextual framework explaining differential self-esteem outcomes of social comparison in India and highlights implications for mental health, education, and digital well-being. By situating SCT within India’s sociocultural realities, the paper aims to advance culturally sensitive theorizing and guide future empirical research.
Keywords Social Comparison Theory, Self-Evaluation, Self-Construal, Cultural Moderation, Collectivist Cultures, Indian Society
Field Sociology > Philosophy / Psychology / Religion
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-20
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.66971
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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