Waste to Resource: Lessons from Amager Resource Centre (Denmark) for India.

Swathi Santosh Munoth

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.67341

Waste to Resource: Lessons from Amager Resource Centre (Denmark) for India.

Author(s)	Prof. Dr. Swathi Santosh Munoth
Country	India
Abstract	The Indian government is thinking about how to manage ever growing waste everywhere from small village to the smart city, everywhere you will find that there is no proper process for waste management and there is no proper dumping ground for this waste. India has a massive population and an even larger landfill problem. The country generates an estimated 1.3 billion tons of trash every year, which is about one-third of the global total. And despite efforts One of the biggest challenges in waste management in India is that people simply don’t have enough garbage collection infrastructures to handle the crushing of litter and garbage. The country has only 21 million garbage collectors, compared to China’s 700 million, and the cost of hiring someone to do the job can be prohibitive for many municipalities. But this is not related to India only The global challenge of solid waste management has intensified due to rapid urbanization, population growth, industrialization, and changing consumption patterns. Developing countries like India face acute problems of open dumping, landfill overflows, environmental pollution, and public health hazards. In contrast, developed nations such as Denmark have adopted integrated waste-to-resource models that treat waste as an economic and environmental asset. This research paper presents an in-depth study of the Amager Resource Centre (ARC), Denmark, as a landmark example of sustainable waste management and circular economy practices. The paper critically analyses ARC’s technological framework, governance structure, environmental safeguards, and social integration, and evaluates its relevance for underdeveloped and developing countries, with special emphasis on India. Using qualitative analysis and comparative assessment, the study proposes an adaptive framework suitable for Indian socio-economic conditions. The paper concludes that while direct replication of ARC is not feasible, contextual adaptation of its principles can significantly contribute to India’s waste crisis resolution, climate mitigation efforts, and achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords	Waste-to-Resource, Waste-to-Energy, Circular Economy, Amager Resource Centre, Solid Waste Management, India, Sustainable Development Goals
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-25
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.67341

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Waste to Resource: Lessons from Amager Resource Centre (Denmark) for India.

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