International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Effects of Buteyko Breathing, Resistance and Isometric Exercise Training in Primary Hypertensive Patients - A Literature Review

Author(s) Ms. Rutuja Hulaji Mohan, Prof. Shwetha S S, Dr. Chetana G H
Country India
Abstract BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing significantly to global morbidity and mortality. While pharmacological therapy is standard, non-pharmacological interventions such as the Buteyko breathing technique, isometric, and resistive exercises have shown promise in managing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular function.
METHODOLOGY: A structured literature review was conducted using databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Out of 85 identified articles (2015–2025), 18 studies met the inclusion criteria: 10 RCTs, 5 meta-analyses/cross-sectional studies, and 3 pilot studies.
The review focused on adults aged 30–60 with essential hypertension. Isometric exercise showed the greatest BP reduction (8.3 mmHg systolic and 3.9 mmHg diastolic, p < 0.0001), followed by resistance training (~ 4.0 mmHg systolic and ~2.1 mmHg diastolic, p < 0.001). Buteyko breathing showed smaller, yet significant effects (2.5–3.0 mmHg systolic and 1.5–2.0 mmHg diastolic, p = 0.03), though the evidence was less conclusive.
RESULTS: All three interventions significantly improved cardiovascular parameters. Isometric exercise was the most effective in lowering blood pressure, followed by resistance training. Buteyko breathing showed a modest positive effect. Effectiveness varied with intervention type and evidence quality.
CONCLUSION: Isometric exercise is the most effective non-pharmacological intervention for lowering blood pressure, followed by resistance training. Buteyko breathing provides modest benefits and may serve as a supportive approach
Keywords Hypertension, Buteyko breathing, isometric exercise, resistive training, blood pressure, and non-pharmacological intervention.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.67422
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