International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Urbanization and Dalit Communities in India: Persistence of caste-based inequalities versus opportunities for social and economic mobility

Author(s) Mr. Jatan Kumar, Dr. Ishwar Swaroop Sahay
Country India
Abstract This paper examines the impact of urbanization on the Dalit community in India and explores whether urbanization offers opportunities for equality or perpetuates hidden forms of caste-based inequality. Urbanization in India has often been viewed as a new opportunity for social and economic liberation for historically marginalized communities, allowing them to improve their social status and integrate into mainstream society. Dr. Ambedkar, a strong advocate of urbanization, encouraged migration from villages to cities as a means of escaping the deeply entrenched caste system prevalent in rural areas. He believed and argued that urban environments provided better access to education, employment, governance, and healthcare, thereby facilitating upward social mobility. This study argues that caste discrimination persists in urban settings, albeit in more subtle and complex forms. Dalits that migrate to urban centers seeking equality and a society free from caste-based discrimination often face exclusion, stigma, and caste-based practices in cities as well, hindering their ability to improve their social standing, even through education and professional achievements. This study emphasizes that caste operates differently in urban contexts, shaping social relations and reinforcing inequalities under the guise of modernity, thereby creating new categories of caste discrimination. Drawing on Dr. Ambedkar vision, this study concludes that urbanization presents both opportunities and challenges for Dalit communities, demonstrating a simultaneous process of progress and persistent caste-based oppression. While urbanization offers improved access to facilities, healthcare, and employment, it also reinforces growing inequalities, raising questions about whether urbanization truly empowers marginalized communities or simply presents them with new forms of inequality.
Keywords Keywords: - Dalits, Ambedkar, Inequality, Segregation, Urbanization, Marginalization
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.67526
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