International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Barriers and Facilitators to Community-Level HIV Testing and Case Finding in Rural and Minority U.S. Populations

Author(s) Felix Kaiser, Ayodele Blessing Ayo-ige
Country United States
Abstract Background: Despite significant progress in HIV prevention and treatment, there are still significant gaps in terms of the diagnosis and uptake of testing among the rural and minority populations of the U.S. The weaknesses of social, structural, and healthcare services still restrict the accessibility of community-based testing programs, which leads to late diagnosis and persistent infection.
Objective: This review will unify the recent peer-reviewed evidence (2020-present) on the barriers and facilitators that affect community-level HIV testing and case finding in rural and minority communities in the United States.
Methodology: We combine both the results of the qualitative and quantitative studies to explain the emerging trends in the behavioral, structural, and policy-level factors influencing testing uptake, as opposed to using a systematic review guideline.
Findings: The major barriers that have been discovered are healthcare stigma, lack of privacy, absence of culturally competent providers, transportation issues, and disjointed service delivery. Peer-driven outreach, mobile testing units, telehealth expansion, and HIV self-testing programs are some of the facilitators. Nonetheless, there are still ongoing gaps in the approach to intersecting stigmas in the community of Black, Latinx, and Indigenous people.
Conclusion: The new tendencies emphasize the necessity of multilevel interventions with the combination of digital outreach, peer navigation, and locally led programs. The next initiative to bring policy innovation and culturally responsive practices together should support access to equitable HIV testing among rural and minority U.S. populations.
Field Sociology > Health
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.67714
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbm2jh
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