Potential Herb - Drug Interaction and Their Clinical Implications: Pharmacokoinetics and Pharmacodynamic Considerations

Aman Kumar; Amarjit Kumar Yadav; Rohit Mandal; Tanweer Alam

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.67827

Potential Herb - Drug Interaction and Their Clinical Implications: Pharmacokoinetics and Pharmacodynamic Considerations

Author(s)	Mr. Aman Kumar, Mr. Amarjit Kumar Yadav, Mr. Rohit Mandal, Mr. Tanweer Alam
Country	India
Abstract	Herbal medicines are in widespread use either as self-medication or in addition to conventional pharmacotherapy. Although considered safe, herbal medicines do contain biologically active compounds that have the potential to alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of co-administered conventional drugs, thus giving rise to clinically important herb-drug interactions [1-4,9]. These interactions can result in treatment failure, enhanced toxicity, and unpredictable responses, especially among patients taking drugs with narrow therapeutic margins or those on multiple concomitant medications [10-13,18]. The present study was undertaken as a systematic review to assess the reported herb-drug interactions with special emphasis on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms and their clinical implications. A thorough literature search was carried out on prominent scientific databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, to retrieve human, animal, and in-vitro studies documenting interactions between herbal medicines and conventional drugs [38,39]. The results show that the most widely used herbs like St. John’s Wort, Ginseng, Garlic, Turmeric, and Ginkgo biloba have the potential to significantly affect drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and pharmacological effects through the induction or inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes, as well as additive or antagonistic pharmacodynamic interactions [14-17, 20-28, 43]. These types of interactions can create significant risks for patient safety, especially in cases of polypharmacy and in special patient populations like the elderly and cancer patients [29-31, 44, 45]. Conclusion Herb-drug interactions are an important but often overlooked clinical problem. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals, prudent patient counseling, and regular screening for the use of herbal medicines are necessary to prevent adverse outcomes and ensure safe and effective pharmacotherapy [5-7, 9, 10].
Keywords	Herb–Drug Interactions; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics; Herbal Medicines; Patient Safety
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-29
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.67827
Short DOI	https://doi.org/hbmv78

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Potential Herb - Drug Interaction and Their Clinical Implications: Pharmacokoinetics and Pharmacodynamic Considerations

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