International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Precautionary Principle And Polluter Pays Principle: A Comparative Analysis Under International, EU And Indian Environmental Law

Author(s) Mr. Chetan Kumar
Country India
Abstract The precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle constitute the foundational pillars of modern environmental law and policy. This paper examines the historical evolution, international codification, and constitutional adoption of these principles within international law, the European Union, and India. It traces their development from the Stockholm and Rio Declarations to their incorporation in treaties, statutory frameworks, and judicial interpretations. The study analyses how the precautionary principle promotes preventive action in situations of scientific uncertainty, while the polluter pays principle allocates the economic responsibility of environmental harm to the polluter. Through a comparative evaluation of landmark judicial decisions, including Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum v. Union of India and the jurisprudence under Article 191 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the paper highlights their complementary role in achieving sustainable development. The analysis concludes that despite interpretative challenges and implementation costs, these principles remain indispensable tools for effective environmental governance.
Keywords Precautionary Principle, Polluter Pays Principle, Environmental Law, Sustainable Development, International Environmental Law, European Union Law
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-06
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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