International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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An Appraisal of Groundwater Chemistry, Quality and Its Assessment from Simlapal Block, Bankura District, West Bengal for Domestic and Agricultural Purposes

Author(s) Dr. Anindita Mukherjee, Prof. Dr. S. K. Nag
Country India
Abstract Seventeen groundwater samples have been taken up from different locations within the Simlapal Block, Bankura district, West Bengal. These samples underwent analysis for several physical parameters, (pH, TDS, EC, and TH). Chemical analysis measured the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, SO₄, Cl, and HCO₃ ions. The results for all these parameters were then compared against water quality standards established by BIS and WHO.

The results indicated that the water samples are fresh, low conductivity and a neutral to weakly alkaline. The Piper diagram suggests Ca-HCO3- type chemical character and about 55% fall within the bicarbonate or fresh water zone. Besides this general classification, the Water Quality Index indicates that majority of the samples are "not suitable" for consumption due to the presence of very high to high levels of iron content in the water

The Gibbs diagram indicates that primary cations in the groundwater are calcium and magnesium, while the main anions are bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate. These findings strongly suggest rock weathering as the predominant natural mechanism controlling the groundwater's chemical composition.

From Schoeller diagram the trends of Ca>Mg>Na>K and HCO3>Cl>SO4>with total Fe>F (for mg/L) and Mg>Ca>Na>K and Cl>HCO3>SO4>F (for meq/L) have been established. Positive correlations found between F- with pH and HCO3- , while showing negative pattern with Ca2+ suggesting fluoride bearing minerals are being dissolved in groundwater. Besides these, a good positive correlation between pH and HCO3- suggests an alkaline condition prevailing in the groundwater caused dissolution of mineral.
Keywords Water chemistry, Groundwater quality, Water Quality Index (WQI), Gibbs’ diagram and Schoeller diagram, Simlapal Block, Bankura district
Field Biology > Geology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-06
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