International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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GST Revenue Dynamics: A Comparative Study of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh

Author(s) Ms. Sharmeen, Dr. Rama Arora
Country India
Abstract As a core component of macroeconomic framework, the Indian taxation system plays a vital role in supporting economic growth, social welfare, and fiscal sustainability. It comprises both direct and indirect taxes, with indirect taxes playing a crucial role due to their broad coverage and steady revenue potential. However, for a long period, India’s indirect tax regime remained fragmented, characterised by multiple central and state taxes that resulted in cascading effects, compliance complexities, and administrative inefficiencies.
Recognising these limitations, India introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in July 2017 as a landmark reform of the indirect taxation system. GST subsumed a wide range of existing taxes into unified, destination-based framework with the objective of simplifying the tax structure, reducing cascading effect, improving compliance, and strengthening revenue mobilisation for both the Centre and the States. Despite having a uniform tax design, GST revenue performance has varied considerably across Indian states. These differences can be largely attributed to variations in economic structure, sectoral composition, level of industrialisation, and administrative capacity.
In this context, the present study undertakes a comparative analysis of GST revenue performance of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh during the period 2017–18 to 2024–25. The two states represent contrasting economic environments in terms of scale and market size, with Uttarakhand reflecting a smaller but relatively concentrated economic base, while Uttar Pradesh represents a large and diversified economy with extensive consumption and transaction volumes.
The study is based on secondary data collected from official sources such as the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Reserve Bank of India, GST Council reports, state government publications and various online websites. Descriptive tools including growth rate analysis, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), coefficient of variation, correlation analysis with Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) has been used to compare the revenue performance of both the states.
The findings indicate that Uttar Pradesh records higher GST revenue growth due to its large economic size and diversified consumption base, but also experiences greater revenue volatility. In contrast, Uttarakhand shows relatively lower growth but greater stability in GST collections. The study concludes that GST revenue performance is shaped not only by the size of the economy but also by sectoral composition and suggests that state-specific policy measures are essential for improving GST revenue efficiency.
Keywords Goods and Services Tax, Revenue Growth Rate, GST Collection Trends, Sectoral GST Contribution, Inter – State Fiscal Comparison
Field Arts
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-09
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.68249
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