International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 2
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Development, Displacement, and Environmental Risk: Large Dam Projects in the Himalayan and Northeast Indian Region

Author(s) Dr. Esha Mimi
Country India
Abstract Large hydropower projects are widely promoted as clean and climate-resilient infrastructure; however, in ecologically fragile regions such as the Himalayas and Northeast India, they frequently generate profound environmental, social, and governance challenges. High seismicity, complex river systems, and exceptional biodiversity render these landscapes particularly vulnerable, while hydropower governance remains opaque, elite-driven, and ill-equipped to address cumulative, long-term, and transboundary impacts. Drawing on political ecology and environmental justice perspectives, this paper critically examines the Dibang Multipurpose Project in Arunachal Pradesh to illustrate how ecological risk, institutional weakness, development-induced displacement, epistemic injustice, and resistance are co-produced through large dam development. The analysis demonstrates that marginalized populations—especially Indigenous communities—bear disproportionate social, cultural, and economic costs, while project benefits are concentrated among political and corporate elites. The findings highlight the need for transparent and participatory governance, basin-scale planning, recognition of Indigenous rights and knowledge systems, robust environmental and social assessments, and serious consideration of alternative renewable energy pathways. The paper argues that only by integrating ecological integrity, social justice, and economic objectives can hydropower development in fragile landscapes be rendered genuinely sustainable.
Keywords Large dams, Development-induced displacement, Indigenous rights, Environmental justice, Governance failures, Dibang Multipurpose Project
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-06
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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