From Welfare to Rights: Evolution of Tribal Development Policies in West Bengal

Author(s)	Ms. Arumita Singha, Dr. Dr. Susmita Mohapatra
Country	India
Abstract	This paper critically examines the transformation of tribal development policies in West Bengal, India, from a welfare-oriented approach to a rights-based paradigm. Drawing on archival materials, government documents, and field research, the study traces the historical trajectory of policy formulation and implementation, exploring the interplay between state objectives, tribal agency, and socio-political movements. The analysis foregrounds the shift in state discourse, the role of constitutional amendments, and the influence of grassroots mobilizations in redefining the contours of tribal development. The paper argues that despite significant policy advancements, persistent challenges remain in ensuring effective realization of rights and meaningful participation of tribal communities in development processes.
Keywords	Tribal development, West Bengal, policy evolution, welfare, rights-based approach, indigenous rights
Field	Arts
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-02-10

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