International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Nutrient-Driven Macroalgae Proliferation on Coral reefs: Assessing the Resilience of Coral Communities at Bawe and Changuu Islands, Zanzibar

Author(s) Mr. salum Nassor Simba
Country Tanzania
Abstract Coral reefs always suffer from natural and anthropogenic impacts that drive ecological shifts from coral to overgrowing dominat states such as macroalgae and corallimopharian dominance. This study explores the dynamics and ecological impacts of macroalgae proliferation on the coral reefs around Bawe and Changuu Islands in Zanzibar. Using Line Intercept Transect surveys, macroalgae cover and community are quantified, as well as coral health indicators across reef zones. Results revealed significantly higher macroalgae abundance at Changuu Island (4.34%) compared to Bawe (1.06%), with p < 0.05, strongly correlated with nutrient enrichment from proximate sewage discharge and tourism. The macrolgae observed was Phaeophyta (brown algae, specifically Lobophora) dominating the nutrient-enriched Changuu, while Chlorophyta (green algae, such as Ulva) was more prevalent at Bawe. Statistical correlations identified specific coral genera such as Physogyra and Plerogyra as potentially vulnerable to macroalgae interactions at Changuu, both reefs reserved moderately high hard coral cover (>58%), remarkably, coral recruit density was higher at Changuu (60.33 m⁻² on reef flat) than at Bawe (43.67 m⁻² on reef crest), and a Coral Reef Health Index (CRHI) >83, suggested a resilient but potentially risky state. The macroalgae expansion in Zanzibar is primarily caused by land-based nutrient pollution.
Keywords Macroalgae, Coral Reefs, Nutrient Enrichment, Eutrophication, Lobophora ,
Field Biology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.68618
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