Process of Learning Through the  Guru–Śiṣya Paramparā

Author(s)	Dr. S. Muthu D.Litt.
Country	India
Abstract	This paper examines the learning process embedded in the Guru–Śiṣya–Paramparā, the traditional teacher–disciple system of India, highlighting its philosophical foundations, pedagogical methods, and continuing relevance. It argues that this tradition was not merely a mechanism for transmitting information but a holistic system aimed at intellectual clarity, moral formation, and spiritual realization. Drawing upon Vedic literature, Upaniṣads, Smṛti texts, classical Sanskrit works, and commentarial traditions, the study shows how learning was conceived as a cooperative and transformative process grounded in discipline, reverence, lived experience, and mutual responsibility between teacher and student. The paper demonstrates that dialogue-based instruction, experiential learning, inclusivity across age and gender, and the ethical stature of the teacher were central to this system. Far from being rigid or authoritarian, the Guru–Śiṣya tradition encouraged inquiry, reflection, and personal discovery.
Keywords	Guru–Śiṣya–Paramparā; Gurukula system; Indian education; oral tradition; Upaniṣadic pedagogy; experiential learning; character formation; dialogue-based teaching; teacher–student relationship; Vedic learning tradition
Field	Arts
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-02-13

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