International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Towards a Sustainable Future: Bioplastics Production and Their Impact Assessment

Author(s) Ms. Manashvi . Pal, Dr. Fariya . Khan
Country India
Abstract Bio plastics represent a transformative pathway toward sustainable materials by addressing the ecological limitations of conventional petroleum-based plastics through the use of renewable resources, biodegradability, and reduced environmental persistence. Contemporary research on bio plastics production increasingly emphasizes the valorisation of agricultural residues and organic waste streams, aligning material innovation with circular economy principles. Lignocellulose wastes such as sugarcane bagasse and fruit-based residues including banana peels, jackfruit rind, nutmeg husk, and durian shells are emerging as promising feedstock due to their abundance of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and fermentable sugars, which can be efficiently converted into biopolymers through microbial fermentation and chemical synthesis routes. Among the most studied bio plastics, polylactic acid (PLA)and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) demonstrate significant potential owing to their favourable mechanical properties, thermoplastic behaviour, and biodegradation characteristics under controlled conditions. The sustainability impact of these materials extends beyond resource renewability, encompassing lower life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions, reduced reliance on fossil fuels, and improved end-of-life management compared to conventional plastics. However, challenges related to cost competitiveness, feedstock variability, processing efficiency, and performance limitations continue to constrain large-scale adoption. Addressing these challenges requires advances in pre-treatment technologies such as enzymatic hydrolysis, optimization of microbial strains for higher polymer yield, and development of polymer blends and bio-composites to enhance strength, thermal stability, and barrier properties. Comprehensive life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis are essential to ensure that bio plastics deliver genuine environmental benefits without unintended trade-offs related to land use, water consumption, or waste management. Integrating scientific innovation with policy frameworks, industrial partnerships, and consumer awareness will be critical in translating laboratory-scale advances into commercially viable solutions. Collectively, bio plastics derived from waste resources offer a credible route toward sustainable manufacturing, reduced plastic pollution, and long-term environmental resilience.
Keywords Bioplastics, Renewable biomasses, thermoplastic starch, Polylactic acid (PLA), PHB
Field Biology > Medical / Physiology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-15
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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