International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Employment and Food Security among Tribal and Dalit Communities: Comparing MGNREGA and PDS in India

Author(s) Amzad Alam, Faizan Khan
Country India
Abstract This research examines the roles of two major Indian social safety nets — the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Public Distribution System (PDS) — in promoting employment security and food security among tribal (Adivasi) and Dalit (Scheduled Caste) communities. While MGNREGA offers a statutory guarantee of wage employment during lean seasons and shocks, PDS delivers subsidized food grains to eligible households under the National Food Security Act (NFSA). Drawing on national studies,
programmed evaluations, and targeted evidence on marginalized castes and tribes, this paper assesses how effectively these schemes reach their intended beneficiaries, identifies implementation challenges, and discusses synergies and policy reforms needed to strengthen livelihood and nutrition outcomes. The analysis suggests that although both programmes improve access to resources and buffer food insecurity, structural inefficiencies, coverage gaps, and social exclusion limit their full potential among tribal and Dalit populations. The paper
concludes by recommending convergence strategies, community involvement, and governance reforms to maximize the programmers’ impacts on the social and economic well-being of India’s most vulnerable groups.
Keywords MGNREGA, Public Distribution System, Food Security, Employment, Schedule Tribes, Schedule Castes, India
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-19
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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