Review on Sustainable Approaches in Nanotechnology: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Hematite Nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs)

Hardika Bipinchandra Dave; Madhuresh Kishorkumar Makavana; Keyur Dineshbhai Bhatt

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.69362

Review on Sustainable Approaches in Nanotechnology: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Hematite Nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs)

Author(s)	Ms. Hardika Bipinchandra Dave, Dr. Madhuresh Kishorkumar Makavana, Dr. Keyur Dineshbhai Bhatt
Country	India
Abstract	Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered significant attention as an environmentally benign nanomaterial with diverse applications in environmental remediation and biological systems. This review critically examines the green synthesis methodologies, physicochemical properties, and multifaceted applications of α-Fe2O3 NPs. Green synthesis protocols utilizing plant extracts as both reducing and stabilizing agents have been extensively explored, yielding α-Fe2O3 NPs with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm. These biogenic synthesis routes offer advantages in terms of eco-compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability compared to conventional chemical methods. Characterization studies reveal that green-synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs exhibit notable antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Additionally, these nanoparticles demonstrate enhanced photocatalytic activity under both solar irradiation and dark conditions, attributed to their unique surface properties and electronic structure. The review highlights the potential of α-Fe2O3 NPs in wastewater treatment applications, particularly their role as heterogeneous catalysts for the degradation of organic dyes at neutral pH. The synergistic effects of their adsorptive capacity and catalytic activity contribute to efficient pollutant removal. Green-synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs present a promising platform for addressing environmental challenges, combining eco-friendliness with high efficiency. Future research directions should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of nanoparticle formation, optimizing synthesis parameters for enhanced performance, and evaluating the long-term environmental impact of these nanomaterials.
Keywords	Hematite nanoparticles, green synthesis, wastewater treatment, Photocatalysis, antimicrobial activity, environmental remediation
Field	Chemistry
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-02-20
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.69362

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Review on Sustainable Approaches in Nanotechnology: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Hematite Nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs)

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