International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Welfare Politics and Electoral Promises-A Study On State- Society Bargaining in Kalahandi, Odisha

Author(s) Mr. Prabin Kumar Banua
Country India
Abstract An inquiry is attempted here on the role of welfare politics and electoral promises in the state-society bargaining in Kalahandi, Odisha. Once synonymous with poverty and hunger, Kalahandi has witnessed rapid transformation through state-led welfare schemes, including Mission Shakti, KALIA, Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana, and the very recent Subhadra Yojana (Newsroom Odisha Network, 2023; Sahoo, 2024; Vidhan Bharat, 2024). This paper analyses how welfare promises are used by political parties in their manifestos to invoke voters, and how local society—particularly women and marginalised communities—use welfare delivery as bargaining tools. Using qualitative techniques such as interviews, focus groups, and analysis of manifesto content, the study covers electoral cycles from 2019 to 2024.
The findings of the study indicate that welfare offerings by the state become a trade: for votes, the voters expect delivery, and the parties make promises accordingly. Established mechanisms of the BJD for welfare, especially older ones involving women self-help groups (Mission Shakti), have always ensured a secure voting base (India Today, 2024; SwarajyaMag, 2024). Meanwhile, the BJP's 2024 Subhadra Yojana gave direct individual benefits to the women to counter this (SwarajyaMag, 2024; Vidhan Bharat, 2024). The study shows that state-society bargaining in Kalahandi is mediated by gender, caste, and economic status. These results foster the consolidation of welfare institutionalisation and the populist flexibility in electoral politics. The same has implications for democratic accountability, welfare sustainability, and how future electoral promises will be constructed in poverty-ridden areas.
Keywords Welfare Politics, Electoral Promises, State-Society Bargaining, Kalahandi, Odisha, Mission Shakti, Subhadra Yojana
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-28
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.69839
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