Energy Optimized Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Author(s)	Ms. Nisha A Somani, Dr. Nirbhay Kumar Chaubey
Country	India
Abstract	Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks (UAWSNs) are characterized by severe bandwidth limitations, high propagation delay, dynamic topology, and constrained battery resources. Channel-Aware Routing Protocol (CARP) improves reliability through link-quality-based forwarding; however, it generates periodic traffic irrespective of environmental events, leading to excessive energy consumption. This paper proposes an Energy Optimized Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (EO-CLR) that integrates environmental temperature thresholds into routing decisions. Data transmission is triggered only when abnormal temperature conditions are detected. The proposed scheme is implemented and evaluated using ns-3 with Aqua-Sim-NG. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in residual energy, network lifetime, and reduced channel congestion compared to conventional CARP.
Keywords	UWASN, USN, Cross layer routing, Energy efficient, CARP,ns3, temperature
Field	Computer
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-02-27
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.70053

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