Antecedents of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Effect of Grit and Moderating Influence of Religiosity

JEMIMAH ALVIAR VELASCO

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.70073

Antecedents of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Effect of Grit and Moderating Influence of Religiosity

Author(s)	Dr. JEMIMAH ALVIAR VELASCO
Country	Philippines
Abstract	This study investigates how knowledge of access to financing, business information, social networks, and university support influence Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI), with grit as a mediator and religiosity as a moderator. A quantitative research design was used, employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess direct and indirect effects. Findings revealed that knowledge of access to financing, business information, and university support positively impacts IEO, which, in turn, significantly influences EI. Additionally, IEO fosters grit, which further enhances EI, highlighting grit’s mediating role in entrepreneurial intention. Interestingly, religiosity was found to negatively moderate the relationship between IEO and EI. The study focused on business students in Metro Manila, Philippines, suggesting future research could explore other academic disciplines like engineering, arts, and health sciences to examine variations in entrepreneurial orientation and intention. Further studies may also investigate additional factors such as self-regulation, emotional intelligence, and entrepreneurial passion. These findings provide valuable insights for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers seeking to foster entrepreneurship. By understanding the key drivers of entrepreneurial orientation and intention, institutions can create targeted programs that enhance entrepreneurial skills. This research contributes to the literature by emphasizing grit’s role as a mediator in the IEO-EI relationship, an area less explored in previous studies. Moreover, it sheds light on the overlooked impact of religiosity in entrepreneurship, offering a new perspective on its potential constraints on entrepreneurial ambition within the Philippine context.
Keywords	Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurial Intention, Grit, Religiosity, Knowledge of Access to Financing, Access to Business Information, University Support
Field	Sociology > Education
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-03-15
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.70073

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Antecedents of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Effect of Grit and Moderating Influence of Religiosity

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