International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Exiled to the Edge: Survival, Suffering and Social Injustice in Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable ,Coolie and Two Leaves and a Bud

Author(s) Anita Singha
Country India
Abstract Abstract
This seminar paper examines the storyline of Sufferings and Social Injustice experienced by Bakha,Munoo and Ganjun in Untouchable, Coolie and Two Leaves and a Bud by Mulk Raj Anand. Through these three socially marginalized protagonists, Anand articules a powerful critique of the oppressive structures of caste hierarchy, class exploitation, colonial domination, and economic inequality in pre-independence India.In Untouchable, Bakha’s life as a sweeper unfolds the brutal realities of untouchability, social exclusion, humiliation, and denial of human dignity. Similarly, Coolie records Munoo’s tragic journey through domestic servitude, industrial labor, and urban poverty forced him into exploitative labour making him a victim of poverty, child labor, capitalist exploitation, class discrimination, and colonial industrialism. Ganju's journey follows the pattern in which false promises of better wages uprooted him from his native village and he and his fellow labourers find themselves trapped in a regime of economic exploitation, racial discrimination, and inhuman working conditions in Two Leaves and a Bud . Through their collective suffering, Anand exposes the dehumanizing impact of imperialism and critiques the structural violence embedded within colonial capitalism.The paper examines how Anand employs social realism and humanism to foreground the voices of the oppressed and to challenge systems that perpetuate inequality. dehumanization and systematic injustice.
Keywords Keywords: Sufferings, Social Injustice, Caste System, Untouchability, Poverty, Exploitation, , Marginalization, Human Dignity
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-02-28
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.70207
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