International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Descriptive Epidemiology of Transfusion Transmissible Viral Infections and Syphilis among Asymptomatic Population at Nkwanta South Municipality in Oti Region of Ghana: A Six Years Single Centered Haemovigilance, 2015-2020

Author(s) Dr. Abdul-Wahab Mawuko Hamid, Mr. Francis Kwaku Dusi, Mr. Emmanuel Agbasah Titiati, Mr. Kenneth Owusu Agyemang Jnr, Mr. Gideon Norvidzro, Dr. Emmanuel Senyo Kasu, Prof. Ahmed Tijani Bawah
Country Ghana
Abstract Background: As part of the ongoing Haemovigilance to tracks the changing epidemiology of Sexual Transmissible Infections (STIs) using population of Blood donors as proxy, this article presents the epidemiological features of Blood Donation and Transfusion Transmissible Viral Infections and Syphilis (TTIs) after the implementation of Global Health Strategy on STIs in 2016 to 2020 milestone, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals 3.3 for 2030 at the Nkwanta South Municipality in the Oti Region of Ghana.


Methods: This was a Laboratory-based Haemovigilance study. It was designed retrospectively to monitor and evaluate the dynamics of TTIs among Blood donors at St. Joseph Catholic Hospital in Nkwanta from 2015 to 2020. Data was managed electronically using Microsoft Visual Basics and analyzed using STATA. The descriptive features and associated trend metrics were determined using, frequentists, descriptive and Cochrane-Armitage statistics.

Results: Out of 2008 donors, 83.7% passed, and 16.1% failed the screening mechanism. Of 324 that failed, 61.7%, 30.6%, 7.7% were due to Clinical, Infections, and Clinical/Infection Comorbidity respectively. The Crude prevalence of TTIs was 6.0%. The point prevalence for HIV, HBV as well as HCV, and Syphilis was 4.4%, 5.0% 0.2% and 0.8% respectively.

Conclusion: Reference to validity metrics on Laboratory screening kits used, about 2.4% (48 of 2008) and 1.2% (24 of 2008) blood donated would be TTIs false negatives and false positives respectively. In addition to being the driver of TTIs in this study, HBV continues to trend positively (r=1.0) across the period. Although, HIV trended negatively across the period (r= -1.0), the prevalence of 4.4% HIV was significantly above the regional and national rates. These dynamics have ‘programmatic’ and ‘research’ implications. Transformation and Acceleration of Blood banking services to a regional status in Oti Region of Ghana are critical and urgently needed.
Keywords Keywords: Haemovigilance, Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis Viruses.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-07
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.70496
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