International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 2
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Sonographic evaluation of clinically palpable lymphadenopathy with cytopathological and histopathological correlation

Author(s) Prof. Dr. Jasmin H Jasani, Dr. Priyanshi Shah
Country India
Abstract Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation with a broad spectrum of etiologies ranging from benign reactive conditions to malignancies. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and ultrasonography (USG) are widely used diagnostic tools, while excisional biopsy remains the gold standard.
Objectives: To evaluate clinically palpable cervical lymphadenopathy using ultrasonography and FNAC, and to correlate the findings with histopathological examination.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Fifty patients presenting with cervical lymph nodes measuring more than 1 cm were included. Detailed history, clinical examination, routine investigations, ultrasonography, and FNAC were performed in all cases. Excisional biopsy under general anesthesia was carried out after excluding metastatic disease based on FNAC findings. Histopathological examination was considered the gold standard. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of patients was 38.5 ± 14.2 years, with a male predominance (60%). Granulomatous lymphadenitis (30%) was the most common overall diagnosis, followed by reactive lymphadenitis (22%).On FNAC, 72% of cases were non-neoplastic and 28% were neoplastic. Reactive lymphadenitis (22%) was the most common cytological diagnosis, while metastatic deposits (10%) were the most frequent neoplastic finding. Histopathological examination revealed reactive lymphadenitis as the most common diagnosis (34%), followed by granulomatous lymphadenitis (22%). FNAC demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity being highest for metastatic deposits (92% and 98%, respectively) and lowest for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (78% and 95%).
Conclusion: FNAC is a reliable, minimally invasive, and cost-effective tool for evaluating cervical lymphadenopathy, with high sensitivity and specificity for most lesions. However, histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. The integration of clinical assessment, ultrasonography, and FNAC improves diagnostic accuracy and supports appropriate management decisions.
Keywords Keywords: Cervical lymphadenopathy; Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC); Ultrasonography (USG); Histopathological examination; Reactive lymphadenitis
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-03-14
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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