International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 8, Issue 2 (March-April 2026) Submit your research before last 3 days of April to publish your research paper in the issue of March-April.
Submit Research Paper Join as a Reviewer

Plagiarism is checked by the leading plagiarism checker TurnItIn

Call for Paper

Volume 8 Issue 2
March-April 2026

Submit your research paper

Indexing Partners
Academia Advanced Sciences Index Bielefeld Academic Search Engine CiteSeer DRJI Google Scholar Independent Search Engine & Directory Network ISI (International Scientific Indexing) Issuu Mendeley Research Networks
RefSeek ResearcherId - Thomson Reuters ResearchGate Scirus Scribd Semantic Scholar UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Wiki for Call for Papers WorldCat Zenodo

Pyrazoles and Dihydropyrazoles (Pyrazolines) in Medicinal Chemistry: Structures and Pharmacological Activities

Author(s) Mr. Rajesh Roshan, Dr. Mithilesh Kumar Singh
Country India
Abstract Heterocyclic frameworks dominate the chemical space of biologically active small molecules, largely because heteroatoms introduce directional hydrogen bonding, tunable electronics, and conformational constraints that collectively improve target engagement and drug-like behavior. Nitrogen heterocycles are especially enriched among approved medicines, and five-membered azoles remain a recurring motif across therapeutic classes. Within this family, pyrazoles (aromatic 1,2-diazoles) and their partially saturated congeners, dihydropyrazoles (pyrazolines), have sustained attention as “privileged” scaffolds with exceptional pharmacological breadth. This review consolidates key concepts underpinning heterocycle relevance in medicinal chemistry and provides a focused survey of pyrazoline bioactivity across antimicrobial, antitubercular, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory/analgesic, anticancer, CNS, and cannabinoid CB₁ receptor modulation landscapes. Mechanistic themes-COX/LOX pathway interference, KSP inhibition, P-gp modulation, GLI signaling disruption, monoamine oxidase inhibition, and receptor antagonism-emerge repeatedly across structurally diverse analogues. The historical arc from antipyrine and phenylbutazone to modern pyrazole therapeutics underscores how dihydropyrazole chemistry helped seed contemporary heterocycle-driven drug discovery. Overall, pyrazolines offer a distinctive combination of synthetic accessibility and 3D topology that can complement the planarity of aromatic pyrazoles, warranting continued exploration in lead generation and optimization.
Keywords heterocycles; pyrazole; pyrazoline; dihydropyrazole; medicinal chemistry; privileged scaffold; antimicrobial;
Field Chemistry
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-03-11
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.70669
View / Download PDF File

Share this



E-ISSN 2582-2160
CrossRef

CrossRef DOI is assigned to each research paper published in our journal.

IJFMR DOI prefix is
10.36948/ijfmr

Downloads
Research Paper Format Copyright Permission Form and Undertaking Form Cover Page Vol 8 Isu 2Cover Page Vol 8 Isu 1Cover Page Vol 7 Isu 6

All research papers published on this website are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and all rights belong to their respective authors/researchers.

CC-BY-SA Open Access

About IJFMR
Fees & Payment
Current Issue
Publication Archive 		Submit Research Paper
Track Submission Status
Publication Guidelines
Publication Ethics
Peer Review & Plagiarism 		Join as a Reviewer
Editors & Reviewers
Reviewer Referral Program
Get Reviewer Membership Certi. 		Website/Journal Policies
Usage Policy
Content Policies
Privacy Policy
Contact Us +91-9687-828-838 editor@ijfmr.com
Powered by Sky Research Publication and Journals