International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Religious Conversion, Constitutionalism, and Marginality in India: Historical Evolution, Legal Regulation, and State-Level Realities in Southern India

Author(s) Prof. Sanjoy Roy, Dr. Dr. Sanjeev Kumar
Country India
Abstract Religious conversion around the world involved not only faith but also social identity, law, politics and various other regional attributes. Although conversion is often understood as a personal spiritual decision, in India it has also been a path toward dignity, social mobility, and resistance within a deeply hierarchical society. This paper explores conversion both as a constitutional freedom and as a lived reality shaped by structural inequality, with particular attention to developments in Southern India.
The paper explores not only the history of different forms of conversion but also the sociological and political aspects of the same. A major thinker in this context has been Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who considered that conversion has rarely been only about theology; it has also been about equality and recognition. The second aspect of the paper highlights the constitutional and legal provisions of the same ranging from Articles 14, 21, and 25–28 of the Constitution, the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, and the Supreme Court’s ruling in Rev. Stainislaus v. State of Madhya Pradesh (1977), the paper further highlights a constitutional tension i.e. individuals are free to change their religion, yet may lose affirmative action protections. It calls for a more balanced approach that protects both religious freedom and substantive equality.
Keywords Religion, conversion, Ambedkar, Constitution, Marginality, Faith, Politics
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-03-09
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.70692
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