International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 2
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Arabic Loanwords in Urdu and Their Sanskrit/Prakrit Counterparts: A Linguistic Bridge Study

Author(s) Dr. Nilofar Nadiyah
Country India
Abstract This research paper investigates the intersection of Arabic loanwords in Urdu with their corresponding Sanskrit and Prakrit counterparts, framing the study within the broader context of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS). Urdu, as a contact language that evolved on Indian soil, uniquely hosts two major lexical streams: one rooted in the Indo-Aryan tradition through Sanskrit and Prakrit, and another borrowed from Arabic (often via Persian) through centuries of cultural, religious, and political exchange. The paper systematically maps synonym pairs across thematic domains including philosophy, ethics, the human body, nature, and social life. It analyzes the phonological adaptation of Arabic words to Indian pronunciation patterns, examines semantic shifts and register differences between the two lexical sets, and applies frameworks from contact linguistics, diglossia theory, and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The findings demonstrate that far from being linguistically opposed, Arabic-origin and Sanskrit-origin words in Urdu represent complementary registers of a deeply syncretic linguistic tradition. The paper argues that Urdu itself is a living monument to India's history as a civilizational meeting point, and that its dual lexicon offers valuable insights into the co-existence and mutual enrichment of Arabic-Islamic and Sanskrit-Indic knowledge traditions.
Keywords Arabic loanwords, Urdu, Sanskrit, Prakrit, contact linguistics, diglossia, Indian Knowledge System, Indo-Aryan languages, linguistic borrowing, semantic shift
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-03-06
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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