Electrolyte disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis

Wiam El Khattabi; Zineb Sqalli Houssini; Salma Msika; Nassima Mouhssine; Hajar Bamha; Nabil Bougteb; Hajar Arfaoui; Moulay Hicham Afif

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.71650

Electrolyte disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis

Author(s)	Prof. Dr. Wiam El Khattabi, Dr. Zineb Sqalli Houssini, Prof. Dr. Salma Msika, Dr. Nassima Mouhssine, Prof. Dr. Hajar Bamha, Prof. Dr. Nabil Bougteb, Prof. Dr. Hajar Arfaoui, Prof. Dr. Moulay Hicham Afif
Country	Morocco
Abstract	Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-endemic countries. The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical and paraclinical differences between tuberculosis patients presenting electrolyte disorders and those without such abnormalities. Identifying profiles of tuberculosis patients at risk of hydroelectrolytic disorders therefore represents an important clinical challenge. We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over three years, from June 1, 2021 to June 1, 2024, including 40 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the 20 August Hospital in Casablanca. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (with electrolyte disorders, n=20) and Group B (without disorders, n=20). Hyponatremia was the most frequent hydroelectrolytic disorder (42.5%). Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia were each observed in 5% of cases. These abnormalities were significantly associated with low BMI, tachycardia, anemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia (p<0.01, Fisher test). Moderate associations were observed for rhonchi and elevated transaminases (p<0.05). Other elements such as bronchial syndrome, vomiting, fever, lower limb edema, and the presence of miliary tuberculosis showed significance with the Chi-square test (p<0.05), but not with Fisher’s test. Mean CRP, urea, GOT, and GPT levels were significantly higher in Group A according to Student’s t-test. These results highlight the central role of systemic inflammation and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in the development of electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia. Adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, digestive disorders, and disturbances of vitamin D metabolism) may also contribute to their occurrence.
Keywords	Pulmonary tuberculosis, Electrolyte disorders, Hyponatremia, Inflammation, SIADH, Hypoalbuminemia, Risk profile
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-03-25
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.71650

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Electrolyte disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis

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