International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 2
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Systemic Challenges in Criminal Justice: Investigation, Scientific Evidence and Constitutional Safeguards in India

Author(s) Mr. Yasharth Tiwari, Dr. Rohit Kumar Shukla
Country India
Abstract By looking into crimes, punishing criminals, and defending individual rights, India's criminal justice system aims to uphold social order and guarantee justice. However, there are a number of procedural and structural issues with the system that pertain to court review, prosecution, evidence gathering, and inquiry. The nature of crime and the techniques needed for efficient law enforcement have both changed as a result of rapid technological improvements. When it comes to dealing with sophisticated criminal activity, traditional investigation methods that mostly depend on eyewitness testimony and confessions are becoming less and less effective. This study looks at how the Indian criminal justice system is increasingly using scientific investigative methods including brain mapping, narco-analysis, and polygraph exams. The paper examines their practical implementation issues, constitutional legitimacy, and evidential value. The conflict between scientific research and fundamental rights including the right to privacy and the right against self-incrimination is given special attention. The study examines legislative provisions, court rulings, and academic literature using a doctrinal research approach in order to determine the legal standing of these methods. The study comes to the conclusion that although scientific evidence may greatly improve the effectiveness of criminal investigations, its application needs to be strictly controlled to guarantee adherence to human rights norms and constitutional protections.
Keywords Criminal justice system, forensic science, narco analysis, polygraph test, brain mapping, scientific evidence, constitutional law.
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-03-19
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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IJFMR DOI prefix is
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