Science and Technology in the Harappan Civilization

Author(s)	MD AZAHARUDDIN
Country	India
Abstract	The Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2500–1700 BCE) represents one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world. Archaeological evidence reveals remarkable achievements in science, engineering, urban planning, and craftsmanship. The scientific knowledge of the Harappans is reflected in their well-planned cities, standardized systems of measurement, advanced drainage systems, and developments in metallurgy and agriculture. There are varieties of terra-cotta animals, carts, and toys—such as monkeys pierced to climb a string and cattle that nod their heads. Painted pottery is the only evidence that there was a tradition of painting. Much of the work is executed with boldness and delicacy of feeling. This paper discusses the scientific and technological features of the Harappan Civilization and highlights their importance in the history of early human progress.
Keywords	Harappan Civilization, Indus Valley, Urban Planning, Metallurgy, Science and Technology, Drainage System, Measurement System,River Based Living
Field	Arts
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-03-26

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