The Modi Doctrine and India’s Strategic Transformation: Analyzing the Shift from Non-Alignment to Assertive Multilateralism (2014 Present).

Ashutosh Devendra Kumar

The Modi Doctrine and India’s Strategic Transformation: Analyzing the Shift from Non-Alignment to Assertive Multilateralism (2014 Present).

Author(s)	Mr. Ashutosh Devendra Kumar
Country	India
Abstract	When India continued buying Russian crude oil in the months after the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine deepening purchases even as G7 governments-imposed sanctions and demanded alignment Western commentators reached for the usual explanations: historical ties, strategic autonomy doctrine, the non-alignment reflex. These explanations were not wrong, but they were insufficient. India’s behaviour was neither sentimental nor passive. It was a calculation, and a profitable one. This paper argues that the Modi government has reconstituted India’s foreign policy around a logic of geo-economic extraction the deliberate use of diplomatic positioning, multilateral membership, and geopolitical leverage to acquire the material inputs that domestic industrial transformation requires. The Russian oil procurement is one expression of this. The simultaneous extraction of semiconductor technology through the QUAD-iCET framework, Gulf sovereign wealth through issue-specific minilateralism, and manufacturing FDI through the China-plus-one repositioning are others. The result has been real and substantial gains. The costs institutional shallowness, credibility deficits in alliance contexts, growing Eurasian dependency are real too, and the paper addresses them without the usual hedging.
Keywords	India, Modi Doctrine, geo-economic extraction, multi-alignment, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Transactional Realism
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-04-03

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The Modi Doctrine and India’s Strategic Transformation: Analyzing the Shift from Non-Alignment to Assertive Multilateralism (2014 Present).

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