Multi-Decadal Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change and Its Impacts on Vegetation, Built-up Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Kalobaran Das; Rabindra Nath Ray

Multi-Decadal Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change and Its Impacts on Vegetation, Built-up Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Author(s)	Mr. Kalobaran Das, Dr. Rabindra Nath Ray
Country	India
Abstract	The LULC changes have an important effect on the vegetation, the growth of built-up, and the land surface temperature (LST), especially in rapidly evolving coastal and agrarian landscapes. This paper is a multi-decadal evaluation (1991-2021) of LULC dynamics and its environmental consequences in Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal in India, based on multi-temporal Landsat, and Google Earth engine. LULC maps were created using supervised classification and NDVI, NDBI, and LST were created to assess vegetation health, urban growth, and thermal features. Assessments of accuracy showed good reliability of classification with an overall accuracy of over 89 percent and a Kappa value of approximately 0.87 to 0.88 among all the benchmark years. Findings indicate that the percentage of cropland fell gradually in 93.37% (1991) to 90.20% in 2021, with built-up areas steadily growing by 1.93 percent up to 2.77 percent. Classes of wetlands including marsh land and tidal flat had varying and generally decreasing tendencies, whereas water bodies recorded a significant rise in 2021. Due to the analysis of NDVI, high and very high vegetation classes were significantly reduced and low and very low vegetation classes were significantly increased because the anthropogenic pressure and stress on vegetation were increasing. At the same time, LST trends show that the surface heating is becoming more and more intense as the highest temperatures increase to 37.63 in 1991, and to more than 43 in 2021, and cooler areas are becoming more and more fractured. The multi-index analysis shows that there is a strong relationship between the spatial vegetation degradation, built-up expansion, wetland transformation and thermal intensification. The results highlight the long-term effects of urbanization and agricultural intensification and coastal environmental alteration as well on landscape sustainability. The research is very useful in climate resilience planning, sustainable land management and conservation of the ecology of vulnerable coastal districts.
Keywords	Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Change, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Urbanization and Vegetation Dynamics
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-07

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Multi-Decadal Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change and Its Impacts on Vegetation, Built-up Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing and GIS

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