International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Skill Development Initiatives in India: A Historical Review from Independence to Present

Author(s) Ankur Tiwari, Dr. S.P. Jain
Country India
Abstract This study examines the historical evolution of skill development initiatives in India from Independence to the present, with a focus on understanding the changing policy approaches and their implications for employment and economic growth. The research adopts a conceptual and descriptive methodology based on secondary data sources, including government policy documents, official reports, and academic literature. The analysis identifies five distinct phases in the development of India’s skill ecosystem: the early post-independence period characterized by state-led industrial training, the expansion phase focusing on rural employment and vocationalisation, the liberalisation phase emphasizing market-oriented skills, the institutional development phase marked by the establishment of structured frameworks, and the recent mission-mode phase driven by integrated national initiatives such as Skill India. The findings indicate that skill development initiatives have played a significant role in improving employability, enhancing workforce competencies, promoting entrepreneurship, and supporting inclusive economic development. However, the study also highlights persistent challenges, including skill–job mismatch, variations in training quality, inadequate industry linkage, and regional disparities in access to skill development opportunities. The study emphasizes the need for stronger industry–institution collaboration, continuous upskilling, and alignment with emerging technologies to ensure long-term effectiveness. It concludes that a comprehensive, inclusive, and adaptive skill development framework is essential for leveraging India’s demographic dividend and achieving sustainable economic growth in a rapidly changing global environment.
Keywords Skill Development, Employability, Human Capital, Vocational Training, Skill India Mission.
Field Mathematics > Economy / Commerce
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-12
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.73516
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