International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Formulation of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Nursery Media using Organic Waste

Author(s) Mr. Ebenezer Acheampong Afful, Mr. Elvis Frimpong Manso, Dr. Alfred Arthur, Dr. Amos Quaye, Mr. Jeremo Agbesi Dogbatse, Dr. Joseph Osafo Eduah, Mr. Samuel Yeboah, Mr. Stephen Amankwah Asare
Country Ghana
Abstract This study examined the potential of cocoa pod husk (CPH), poultry manure (PM), biochar (BIO), and sawdust (SD) as potting media for raising cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). Eight different mixtures of these organic materials, labelled T2 to T9, were compared to topsoil (T1). The media were incubated for 12 and 2 weeks, and their properties were evaluated. Results showed bulk densities ranging from 0.37 to 1.21 g cm⁻³, with topsoil having the highest density. The pH ranged from 7.45 in topsoil to 9.15 in T3. Total nitrogen (TN) levels varied from 0.10% to 2.07%, with T4, T7, and T9, incubated for 12 weeks, exhibiting the highest significant (p < 0.05) TN. The highest available phosphorus (AP) was observed in T3, T5, and T8 incubated for 12 weeks (2723.00, 2563.00, and 2808 mg/kg, respectively). Exchangeable potassium (K) was highest in the 2-week treatments T2 (2.55 cmolc/kg), T3 (2.53 cmolc/kg), and T6 (2.47 cmolc/kg). Plant performance and nutrient uptake were significantly better in the 12-week treatments than in the 2-week counterparts. The results indicate that T6 and T9, incubated for 12 weeks, performed better than the other treatments and are therefore recommended for raising cocoa seedlings.
Keywords Formulation, cocoa pod husk, sawdust, biochar, poultry manure, cocoa seedlings.
Field Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-10
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.73657
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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