Challenges of Teachers and Learners in Alternative Learning System(ALS)

Melissa Barrosa Angeles; Onward Osorio Ognita

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.73784

Challenges of Teachers and Learners in Alternative Learning System(ALS)

Author(s)	Melissa Barrosa Angeles, Onward Osorio Ognita
Country	Philippines
Abstract	This study determined the challenges of the teachers and learners in the Alternative Learning System (ALS) and served as a basis for developing instructional innovation in the Division of Camarines Sur for school year 2024-2025. This study assessed the socio-demographic profile of ALS teachers and learners; evaluated the challenges they encountered; assessed the significant association between the socio-demographic profile of ALS teachers and learners and the challenges they encountered; assessed the significant difference in the challenges encountered by ALS teachers and learners; and developed instructional innovation to address the challenges. A descriptive-associational-comparative research design was utilized. This study further utilized a total of 536 respondents. Total enumeration was used to consider all the ALS Teachers in the Division of Camarines Sur, while for ALS learners, purposive sampling was used. Major conclusions were: the socio-demographic profile of ALS teachers reveals a predominantly female, community-oriented workforce with diverse age groups and strong educational backgrounds. Most hold bachelor’s degrees or master's units, and many are younger teachers; the socio-demographic profile of ALS learners reflects a diverse group in terms of age, gender, educational background, civil status, and income. Most learners are young adults with varying educational experiences, and their socio-economic conditions range widely; ALS teachers face multiple challenges, including managing diverse learners, limited resources, large class sizes, and balancing curriculum with individual needs; ALS learners face significant challenges in engaging with learning strands, portfolio presentations, and functional literacy assessments; the socio-demographic characteristics of ALS teachers significantly influence the challenges they encounter; the socio-demographic characteristics of ALS learners have a significant influence on the challenges they face; ALS learners experience varying challenges across functional literacy, learning strands, and portfolio assessment, with the greatest difficulty observed in the presentation of portfolio assessments.
Keywords	Challenges, Teachers, Learners, Alternative Learning System, and Instructional Innovation
Field	Sociology > Education
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-04-06
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.73784

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Challenges of Teachers and Learners in Alternative Learning System(ALS)

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