International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 2
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Evaluation of Substrate Composition on Germination, Growth and Biomass of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Beetroot (Beta vulgaris).

Author(s) Ms. Surbhi Ameria, Aditi Singh, Avni Singh Rajpoot, Tanu Rajput, Prashant Kumar
Country India
Abstract Innovative cultivation methods are required because of the growing strain that increased urbanisation and climate variability are placing on land, water resources, and agricultural sustainability. For urban food production, hydroponics—a soilless growth technique—offers a resource-efficient substitute. Under regulated hydroponic settings, the current study assessed the effects of various substrate compositions on the germination, growth, and yield performance of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Cocopeat, perlite, vermiculite, sand, LECA, and oasis cubes were among the seven substrate treatments (T1–T7) that were evaluated. The highest germination rates (71.4% in spinach and 85.7% in beetroot) as well as better vegetative growth, root development, and overall plant quality were seen in T1, which was composed of cocopeat (50%), perlite (25%), and vermiculite (25%). While imbalanced substrates produced lower performance, substrates with balanced water retention and aeration (T1–T3) greatly outperformed other treatments. The study comes to the conclusion that optimal substrate composition—specifically, the air-water balance—plays a critical role in boosting hydroponic productivity and efficiency, underscoring its potential as a scalable and sustainable solution for urban agriculture in resource-constrained areas like central India.
Keywords Keywords: Spinach, beetroot, Substrate Composition, soilless cultivation
Field Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-08
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.73809
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