Efficacy of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002: A critical analysis in the context of constitutional framework.

Author(s)	Rani Tiwari, Prof. Dr. Meenu Gupta
Country	India
Abstract	The prevention of money laundering act is amongst the most debatable piece of legislation introduced in 2002 by the Indian Parliament. It was passed with an objective of complying with India’s commitments under international money laundering conventions and recommendations given by the FATF. The act has therefore undergone a number of changes by way of amendments from time to time, these amendments have significantly increased the investigative and coercive powers of the enforcement agencies under the act thereby significantly reducing the protection given to the accused in conventional law. The paper critically examines the law from three interrelated aspects that is constitutional validity of the act, judicial interpretation of key provisions, and practical efficacy of the law. It is therefore argued that though the requisite law aims to achieve a goal that is permitted by the Indian Constitution, several provisions of the act raises serious concerns under Articles 14, 20[3], 21 and 22 respectively
Keywords	Anti-money laundering law , Enforcement powers , Constitutional safeguards , judicial interpretation , Legal effectiveness
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-04-09

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