International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Democracy in Contemporary India: Major Issues and Challenges

Author(s) Sonali Basak
Country India
Abstract The ability of Indian democracy to incorporate social heterogeneity, cultural variety and participatory governance within a constitutional framework makes it one of the most dynamic and complicated political systems in the world. India has evolved from a fledgling democratic experiment to a dynamic but contentious democratic polity since 1947, overcoming obstacles brought on by its enormous socio-cultural diversity, economic inequality and geographical complexity. This paper examines the historical evolution, socio-economic transformations and its opportunities and challenges of Indian Democracy that have shaped Indian democracy over the decades. It examines how, while maintaining institutional integrity and public trust, democratic ideals like liberty, equality and justice have adjusted to issues like caste and identity politics, religious polarization, economic liberalization and external pressures. The report also shows how globalization and digitization have changed citizen engagement, accountability, and policy-making, bringing with them difficulties like political division and disinformation as well as opportunities for inclusive governance. Indian democracy is a dynamic system that strives to preserve constitutional objectives while adjusting to new social, economic and technical realities. It is a remarkable example of a large, diverse country maintaining democratic government in the face of complexity and change because it strikes a balance between institutional strength, pluralistic accommodation and participatory citizenship. The study advances a sophisticated knowledge of how Indian democracy balances local ambitions and international constraints, tradition and modernization and inclusiveness and efficiency.
Keywords Indian democracy, evolution, governance, pluralism, political participation.
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-07
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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