International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Experimental Investigation of Coefficient of Discharge for an Orificemeter: Analysis of Flow Rate, Differential Pressure, and Geometric Parameters

Author(s) Mr. Akash S, Mr. Aravindha Prakash S, Mr. Gokul Bella A, Mr. Manikandan R
Country India
Abstract The orificemeter is among the most widely used and cost-effective differential pressure flow measurement devices in industrial fluid mechanics, chemical processing, water treatment, and HVAC engineering. Despite its simplicity, the device introduces a permanent pressure loss due to the sudden contraction of flow through a sharp-edged orifice plate, and the ratio of actual to theoretical discharge — termed the coefficient of discharge (Cd) — is invariably less than unity due to the vena contracta effect, boundary layer separation, and turbulent energy dissipation. The present experimental study systematically determines Cd for a standard sharp-edged orificemeter with a pipe diameter (D1) of 50 mm and an orifice diameter (D2) of 25 mm (beta ratio = 0.5) under five controlled flow conditions. The actual discharge was measured using the volumetric collection method, while the theoretical discharge was computed from the Bernoulli-based orificemeter equation using mercury differential manometer readings. The average coefficient of discharge was found to be 0.754, lying within the accepted range for sharp-edged orifices at moderate Reynolds numbers. Cd exhibited a clear increasing trend with rising flow rate, consistent with Reynolds number dependency. Experimental uncertainties were estimated and the results were compared with established empirical correlations and ISO 5167 standards.
Keywords Orificemeter, Coefficient of Discharge, Vena Contracta, Differential Pressure, Bernoulli's Theorem, Reynolds Number, Sharp-Edged Orifice
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-12
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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